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Region
Caucasus minorities and Crimean Tatar
First record
1834 · Empires & migration
Fold
Heap of small pieces
Cooked
Boiled in broth until they float, lifted out, topped with boiled dried or smoked meat and garlic-broth sauce (bzchinixwps). Also a chicken version (jedir x'inch'elim)

Anatomy

Inside

Dough
Unfilled; savory; egg-water dough
Made with
Firm dough rolled thin and cut into 2×2 cm squares
Cooked
Boiled in broth until they float, lifted out, topped with boiled dried or smoked meat and garlic-broth sauce (bzchinixwps). Also a chicken version (jedir x'inch'elim)
Size
About 6 cm across

Not known yet We don’t yet have a photo we can use, a written story, a recipe or a precise place of origin for Circassian x'inch'el. What we do have is below, with its sources.

Field notes

History

Recorded in A. Jaimoukha (ed.), Circassian Cuisine (Sanjalay Press, Amman, 2004). The cuisine itself is attested much earlier (L. Y. Lyule visited in 1827 and was served 120 dishes by one host; his account was published in 1857).

Range

Where

Open the map →

From Adyghe, Kabardian, Cherkess. Popular in diaspora in Turkey, Jordan, Syria.

Pin · Kabarda (Nalchik) · historical or cultural region, not a town

  • OriginCircassia · Circassia · historical or cultural region · Circassians (Adyghe/Kabardians)

How sure we are

Evidence

Fairly sure. A dated text records it by 1834.

We list 6 sources: 4 dated texts, 2 secondary. How grading works.

First record Blaramberg 1834: "chinkal", pieces of dough boiled in water and eaten with sour milk and garlic (D); first found, Klaproth 1812 reported from a snippet only

Strongest sources

  • D

    Историческое, топографическое, статистическое, этнографическое и военное описание Кавказа

    Dated text · Иоганн (Иван Фёдорович) Бларамберг; пер. И. М. Назаровой (text on Russian Wikisource, from az.lib.ru) · 1834 (manuscript; Russian translation 2010)

    Blaramberg, chapter on the Circassian tribes, section 'Пища': 'Черкесы приправляют блюда длинным перцем, луком и чесноком; также они любят сваренные вкрутую яйца, особенно в блюде, называемом «хинкали», которое готовят… Blaramberg, chapter on the Circassian tribes, section 'Пища': 'Черкесы приправляют блюда длинным перцем, луком и чесноком; также они любят сваренные вкрутую яйца, особенно в блюде, называемом «хинкали», которое готовят из кислого молока с добавлением небольшого количества масла, свежего сыра, лапши, сваренной в воде (она напоминает наши макароны), яиц вкрутую, разрезанных на 4 части, лука и чеснока. Это деликатесное блюдо часто готовят по случаю больших пиршеств.' Clearly dependent on Klaproth. Written in French; the translator's preface says the three volumes were handed in on 28 November 1834. Read in I. M. Nazarova's Russian translation (Moscow, Nadyrshin, 2010), so the spelling 'хинкали' is the translator's.
  • D

    Reise in den Kaukasus und nach Georgien, unternommen in den Jahren 1807 und 1808

    Dated text · Julius von Klaproth; edition dated 1812 by Google Books (full view); place of publication not checked

    Klaproth on Circassian food: '... Chinkal heißt. Dies besteht aus saurer Milch mit wenig Butter, frischem Käse, Stücken von in Wasser gekochtem Spelzteige, die unseren Nudeln gleichen, harten in vier Stücken… Klaproth on Circassian food: '... Chinkal heißt. Dies besteht aus saurer Milch mit wenig Butter, frischem Käse, Stücken von in Wasser gekochtem Spelzteige, die unseren Nudeln gleichen, harten in vier Stücken geschnittenen Eyern, Zwiebeln und Knoblauch. Dies ...' (pieces of spelt dough boiled in water, 'like our noodles', in sour milk with a little butter, fresh cheese, quartered hard-boiled eggs, onion and garlic). The passage also appeared in the Zeitung für die elegante Welt, which Google dates 1811 (an advance extract; date not verified). Read as a Google Books full-text search snippet (books feed); the page image was not viewed.
  • D

    Circassian Cuisine, Introduction and note 3

    Dated text · Amjad Jaimoukha (ed.), 2004 · 1827 (visit); 1857 (publication)

    Same book, introduction: 'L. Y. Lyule, who visited the Circassians in 1827, tells how his Nartkhuaj host treated him to 120 dishes'; note 3 cites L. Y. Lyule, 'Natukhaevtsy, shapsugi i abadzekhi', Zapiski Kavkazskogo otdela IRGO, vol. 4, 1857. About hospitality, not this dish.

Show all 6 sources
  • D

    Circassian Cuisine

    Dated text · Amjad Jaimoukha (ed.); Sanjalay Press, Amman, 2004 (CircassianWorld.com PDF, copy on aheku.net)

    '8. Meat and Noodles (Li xelhu x'inch'el)': dried or smoked meat boiled; 'dough kneaded with an egg and 1.5 glasses of water'; garlic sauce. Also '6. Chicken and Noodles (Jedir x'inch'elim xelhu)' and '14. Goose (Duck) with Noodles'. Glossary: 'Khinkal: Circassian noodles.'

  • S

    Reise durch Russland nach dem kaukasischen Isthmus in den Jahren 1836, 1837 und 1838

    Secondary consensus · Karl Koch; 1842 per Google Books (full view)

    Karl Koch repeats it for the Circassians: '... Nach Klaproth heißen sie Haliva. Außerdem sind der Chinkal ein Gericht, was aus saurer Milch mit wenig Butter, frischem Käse, Stücken von in Wasser gekochtem Spelzteige,… Karl Koch repeats it for the Circassians: '... Nach Klaproth heißen sie Haliva. Außerdem sind der Chinkal ein Gericht, was aus saurer Milch mit wenig Butter, frischem Käse, Stücken von in Wasser gekochtem Spelzteige, die unsern Nudeln gleichen, aus harten in vier Stücken zerschnittenen Eiern, Zwiebeln und Knoblauch besteht ...'. Read as a Google Books full-text search snippet (books feed); the page image was not viewed.
  • S

    Etymological dictionary of the Adyghe (Circassian) languages, volume 'П–I' (title not shown in the feed; identified from author and content)

    Secondary consensus · A. K. Shagirov, 1977 (Google Books, snippet view; catalogued as volume 'P-I')

    Etymological dictionary of the Adyghe languages, under the Kabardian word: '... хинкал. Абаз. хъынкӀьал «молочная лапша» (АбРС 386), надо думать, из кабардинского.' (Abaza 'milk noodles', thought to be from Kabardian).… Etymological dictionary of the Adyghe languages, under the Kabardian word: '... хинкал. Абаз. хъынкӀьал «молочная лапша» (АбРС 386), надо думать, из кабардинского.' (Abaza 'milk noodles', thought to be from Kabardian). Read as a Google Books full-text search snippet (books feed); the page image was not viewed.

Found by research in October 2026; awaiting editorial review.

History sources are from the atlas and not yet independently checked.

Family B

Kin