From North China (Beijing guotie often open-ended). Popular in global "potsticker".
- OriginNorth China · Han
- First record
- 1903 · Modern & global
- Fold
- Crescent
- Cooked
- Pan-fried then steamed
- Wrapper
- Wheat dough
- Filling
- As jiaozi
- Cooked
- Pan-fried then steamed
- Served
- Vinegar dip; street food
- Size
- About 6 cm across
Not known yet We don’t yet have a written story, a recipe or a precise place of origin for Guotie. What we do have is below, with its sources.
Where
Open the map →
Evidence
Fairly sure. A dated text records it by 1903.
We list 7 sources: 4 primary or archaeological, 1 dated text, 1 secondary, 1 legend. How grading works.
First record 鍋貼 in the Shi gong'an sequels, complete by 1903, and in 清稗類鈔, 1916–17 (D); first found, word only, no cooking method
Strongest sources
- A
施公案 第215回 (Wikisource transcription; text read in the search API extract)
Inn scene: '托著一大盤麵食、點心、牛肉、雞子、餑餑、薄餅、鍋貼、包子，大家飲酒用點膳。'
- A
施公案 第420回 (Wikisource transcription)
Inn scene: '賣的是面飯，肉饅頭、糖饅頭、鍋貼兒、大餅通有的' ... '你就再給咱薄餅打上四十張，鍋貼兒做二十個，再拿兩碟甜醬就得了。'
- A
清稗類鈔, 飲食類 (Wikisource transcription, section 106)
Entry 扁食: '北方俗語，凡餌之屬，水餃、鍋貼之屬，統稱為扁食，蓋始於明時也。' The entry 餃 in the same section adds that jiao may be 'steamed or pan-fried' (蒸食、煎食皆可).
Show all 7 sources
- A
檮杌萃編 第12回 (Wikisource transcription; search API extract)
Late-Qing novel: a courtesan-house servant asks what snack is wanted and the guest says '做點鍋貼來吃吃罷'. Date of the novel not verified in this pass.
- D
Dating of the novel: the original 97 chapters carry a preface dated Jiaqing 3 (1798) and an 1820 edition is in the British Museum (per Liu Ts'un-yan); the book was continued again and again, 'by Guangxu 29 it had reached ten sequels, 528 chapters'. No chapter-by-sequel breakdown.
- S
Web articles on guotie (search-result summaries)
Search summaries attribute a Song-dynasty Kaifeng origin to the 中国烹饪百科全书; the encyclopedia was not opened and no Song text is quoted.
- L
Three origin stories (Mongol nomads; Cixi's discarded dumplings; Song Taizu in Jianlong 3 = 962) are given without sources; the article itself says the Cixi story has 'no reliable source' and is flagged for insufficient citations.
Notes from the research
Name "pot-sticker". Ancestor of yaki-gyoza and gun-mandu.
Family A
